The Use of Punched Cards in Molecular Structure Determinations II

The Use of Punched Cards in Molecular Structure Determinations. IV. Approximations to the Temperature Factor

Data Processing with Unit Record Equipment in Iceland

This paper presents an overview of the usage of unit record equipment and punched cards in Iceland and introduces some of the pioneers. The usage of punched cards as a media in file processing started 1949 and became the dominant machine readable media in Iceland until 1968. After that punched cards were still used as data entry media for a while but went completely out of use in 1982.

A punched-card system for the laboratory.

A punched-card system was developed to simplify the administrative aspects of the clinical chemistry laboratory. In it a three-part requisition and samples are matched and given a laboratory number. The third copy of the original laboratory requsition is a charge card also used as a name file for the day. Prepunched cards, coded for laboratory tests, are used for each test requested. The labora...

Dealing with Big Data

A the United States grew rapidly in the late nineteenth century, its government sought to collect more information about the state of the country. The vast amount of data collected in the 1880 census was still being transcribed by clerical staff nine years later. A new method was required for the 1890 census and Herman Hollerith, a census employee, proposed that census returns should be analyse...

The Role of Adoption Networks in the Success of Innovations

It is widely acknowledged that the ability to make connections is frequently at the heart of the creative process that gives rise to innovation. Often these connections span seemingly unconnected spaces. Textiles manufacturing, for example, has had a profound influence on —of all things— the invention of the modern computer. The 19 century Jacquard loom used in large textile factories had a sys...